This line magic prints all interactive variables, with some minimal formatting. The cell body has access to any variables created in the setup code. In cell mode, the statement in the first line is used as setup code and the body of the cell is timed.
This function can be used both as a line and cell magic as explained here − Time execution of a Python statement or expression uses the timeit module. This function also displays time required by IPython environment to execute a Python expression. This command displays time required by IPython environment to execute a Python expression. This command runs a Python script from within IPython shell. Current input cell is populated with recalled cell and the cursor blinks till the enter key is pressed. You can recall commands in section of cells by using command such as %recall 1-4. Hence the command in the nth cell is recalled. Note that in %recall n, number in front of it is input cell number. When executed without any parameter, this function executes previous command. This function populates current IPython session with matplotlib, and numpy libraries. This magic function returns the present working directory. This magic function restricts a floating point result to specified digits after decimal. This is synonymous to object? or ?object. To obtain information about an object, use the following command − This function is similar to object introspection ? character. The input cells in previous example are saved as sine.ipynb This function converts current IPython history into an IPython notebook file with ipynb extension. While using Jupyter notebook, %matplotlib inline directive displays plot output in the browser only. The IPython session shown here plots a sine wave using qt toolkit − You can see a list of the available backends as shown − But you can explicitly request a different GUI backend. The matplotlib default GUI toolkit is TkAgg. However, it does not import matplotlib library. This function activates matplotlib interactive support during an IPython session. Sr.No.ĭisplays all magic functions currently available %matplotlib
With GUINAME argument, this magic replaces the default GUI toolkits by the specified one. When used without argument this command enables or disables IPython GUI event loop integration. It also reads value of particular variable or set the value of environment variable. This magic command will list all environment variables. The script is executed as the editor is closed. This magic command calls upon the default text editor of current operating system (Notepad for Windows) for editing a Python script. Every time %cd command is used, this list is updated in _dh variable. This magic command prints all directories you have visited in current session. − Changes current directory to parent directory %cd − Changes current working directory to The %cd command can be used in the following ways − You can also do ‘cd -’ to see directory history conveniently. This command automatically maintains an internal list of directories you visit during your IPython session, in the variable _dh. This line magic changes the current directory. The following example shows a magic function %pwd (displays present working directory) being called without leading % when %automagic set to 1 %cd Magic functions are callable without having to type the initial % if set to 1. It takes three possible mode parameters: 0 (off), 1 (smart) is default or 2 (always on). This magic function makes a function automatically callable without having to use parentheses. Let us now describe some of the built-in line and cell magic commands. Information of a specific magic function is obtained by % magicfunction? Command. To know more about magic functions, the built-in magics and their docstrings, use the magic command. They receive the whole block as a single string. They can in fact make arbitrary modifications to the input they receive, which need not even be a valid Python code at all. Unlike line magic functions, they can operate on multiple lines below their call. Line magics can be used as expression and their return value can be assigned to variable.
Rest of the line is its argument passed without parentheses or quotes. They are useful to embed invalid python syntax in their work flow. Magic commands act as convenient functions where Python syntax is not the most natural one. In fact, they control the behaviour of IPython itself. These magic commands are intended to solve common problems in data analysis using Python. Magic commands or magic functions are one of the important enhancements that IPython offers compared to the standard Python shell.
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